Iran Protest Death Toll Ranges From 5,000 to 50,000

The death toll from Iran’s 2025 protests remains uncertain, with estimates ranging from 5,000 to 50,000. Iran’s authorities report 3,117 deaths, mostly security forces and civilians, a figure disputed by human rights groups and doctors. The United Nations’ special rapporteur, Mai Soto, says at least 5,000 people are killed. HRANA, a US-based human‑rights agency, verified 6,540 deaths and flagged 17,091 cases under investigation, indicating a possible total of 23,500+. Germany‑based ophthalmologist Dr Amir‑Mobarez Parasta claims 25,654 clinically recorded deaths, including 8,354 in Tehran, as of 23 Jan. Dr Yaser Rahmani‑Rad also estimates tens of thousands. The internet blackout from 8–27 Jan and limited data access have hampered verification.